Objective(s): This study was conducted to evaluate knowledge, attitude and Practice of pedestrians about Driving laws in Tehran.Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Convenient sampling used for selection of participants 58 points were defined using the map of Tehran. Almost three points were selected in each zone of municipality zones. Ten consecutive pedestrians passing the specified point were approached and interviewed by an interviewer. Chi square and Odds Ratio (OR) were used for the data analysis.Results: Five hundred and seventy eight pedestrian were recruited in this study. Knowledge, attitude and Practice were seen in 66.7, 60.7 and 54.8 percent of respondents respectively. Using logistic regression analysis, there was a significant relation between knowledge and attitude. We did not observe any relation between attitudes and Practice. There was a significant relation between knowledge and education and job, and also between knowledge and age, Practice and education, job and sex.Conclusion: We conclude that Practice of pedestrians in Tehran is weak regarding traffic laws and there is an urgent need for research and intervention in this regard.

Background and Objectives: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) compromise a large quantity of peoples annually, and are one of the most important causes of death in Iran. Human factors are amongst of the most leading causes of traffic accident mortality and morbidity. This study was conducted to evaluate the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of motorcyclist drivers regarding Driving laws in Kashan.Materials and Methods: Two hundred drivers were selected randomly in this cross sectional study. Cluster sampling with 10 participants in each cluster was used for selection of participants. 20 points were defined using a random sample of telephone numbers. Distribution points were such as one point selected in each zone of municipality zones. Ten consecutive drivers passing the specified point were interviewed by an interviewer and a senior officer of Traffic Control Organization of Kashan was responsible for assessment of Practices. Reliability of questionnaire was evaluated using alpha Cronbach coefficient and construct validity was assessed by Principal component Analysis method. Chi square and odds ratio (OR) and logistic regression were used for assessment of relation between variables, when appropriate.Results: Two hundred drivers were recruited in this study. Suitable Knowledge, Attitude and Practice were seen in 57.8, 56.1 and 44.4 percent of respondents respectively. Related knowledge, attitude and performance drivers of road rules are not a statistically significant relationship. However, the relationship between drivers’ attitude and performance on this issue statistically was significant (p<0.01). Drivers’ performance differences in terms of age, occupation and motorcycle license is statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: We conclude that Practice of Motorcyclist drivers of Kashan are weak regarding traffic laws and there is an emergent need for research and intervention in this regard.

Bazaars are among the few historical buildings that still continue to operate. The Bazaar in a city has been important not only from economic aspects but also from cultural and social aspects. Today, the empty space of such urban spaces, which can become a lasting space by creating a sense of belonging and peace, while meeting the needs of today's people, is felt very much. Sound is one of the main factors in creating memories in the human mind. In order to investigate the role of sound in the traditional architecture of Iran, a research was conducted in the Vakil Bazzar of Shiraz. The final goal of this research is to investigate the quantitative and qualitative conditions of the sound using sound meter software in the Vakil Bazzar of Shiraz. The permissible level of noise pollution in urban spaces is 60 decibels based on the resolution of the Supreme Council of Environmental Protection of Iran for commercial areas. The results of this research indicate that in the quietest conditions, the noise pollution for at least 33% of the Bazzar space is higher than the maximum allowed amount of noise pollution. How to improve the sound conditions in Vakil Bazzar, such as reducing noise by creating a masking sound source, creating a pond and a fountain, is one of the most important results of this research.

Driving Permits Such as different types of Driving certification are considered as a important and effective factor in transportation process. And, in fact legitimate starting of Driving activity is by mentioned Permits. The accurate study of the role and share of these Driving Permits on accidents and hazards can provide necessary decisions by related officials and government. This study examines descriptively the role of different Driving Permits on damaging, injury and fatal accident at five years by using of available documents on diffent centers of traffice Police. The results of this study represents that B1 Driving certificate holder with legal restrications and rarely presentation among others, have the most important role on injury and fatal hazards and also some reasons such as crossing traffic red light, moving contrary to right direction and crossing forbidden area among culpable drivers of motorcycle certificate holder are 2/5, 10, 5/5 more than other Driving Permits.